Abortion In Utilitarian Terms Essays - Classical Liberalism

Abortion In Utilitarian Terms Abortion This essay is an analysis of abortion in utilitarian terms. Compared to some writings on abortion, it is very short. And it is short for good reason: utilitarianism really has very little to say on this issue. Intuitionists will predictably take this as proof of the inadequacy of utilitarianism. The utilitarian, however, after noticing the various muddles produced by the intuitionist - the arguments over whether the fetus is a person, whether one person has the right to the use of another's body and/or whether someone has the right to determine what occurs in their own body (and in the case of both, the interminable debates as to what is to be done about the dilemma), and whether having sex in the first instance amounts to an invitation and the effects of this - might take this issue to be a good example of the inadequacy of intuitionism. [It may also be noticed that utilitarianism avoids altogether a problem which has plagued many attempts to justify abortion from a more conventional moral framework. The problem is this: if it is sometimes permissible to kill a fetus, where is the dividing-line between this and killing a normal baby (or adult)? The problem emerges because abortion is held to be sometimes permissible, but killing a normal baby (or adult) not, and it is quite hard to point to a hard and fast (morally-relevant) distinction: (e.g.) at what stage does consciousness develop? Utility avoids the problem because it does not share the assumptions - it does not say that it is never right to kill a normal baby (or adult), in fact the considerations in each case would be quite similar (with the exception of alarm in the case of adults).] Utilitarianism, of the hedonistic variety, is (we may recall) concerned only with pleasure and with pain. Therefore we shall be concerned with the amounts of pleasure and pain in situations where abortion is permitted as contrasted with the amounts of pleasure and pain where abortion is forbidden. It might be suggested that the main consideration would be the interests of the fetus: not only can its future life be expectedly happy (or at least having a balance of happiness over suffering) it might also be the case that the abortion itself is painful, particularly if it occurs later in the pregnancy. However this focus on the fetus is unwarranted: any suffering involved in the abortion itself can be avoided by simply aborting the pregnancy sooner (before the fetus has even developed the capability of suffering), or with painless techniques. The direct suffering of the fetus can therefore be no argument against abortion generally, only the bad practice of it. A more significant conside ration exists if we posit that the future life of the fetus involves a probable balance of happiness over suffering for the fetus. This would seem to be a definite point against abortion, though not, we shall see, a dominant one. The second party we might consider are the parents and other family, and guardians if the alternative to abortion is adoption. According to some studies, having a baby appears to decrease the happiness in a relationship - even in those cases where the pregnancy is desired [see Eysenck on happiness]. But again, this need not be considered too much, it is not a dominant consideration. As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of the act in question turns mainly not on the effects of the act on the agent, nor on the being(s) directly affected by the act, but on the less direct effects on the community at large. The issue of abortion, stripped of the language of rights and emotional sway over murdering babies, actually becomes one of the desirability of increasing or decreasing the population. Given that there must be some population size which is felicifically-optimal, it is clear that Utility will proscribe new births above this amount. Some may not realize, though this will hardly apply in the foreseeable future, that below this population size utility will prescribe reproduction. Utility would give positive duties in this case - you ought to have a child, and it

Free Essays on Jane Austen

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice presents a new type of heroine. In her novel, she did not portray a traditional heroine like Jane Bennet. She imposed a new heroine, with new attributes, different to those related to the traditional heroine in the Victorian society. A true woman should combine many attributes. In traditional love story, the heroine must be submissive, weak, extremely beautiful, and dependent. Austen inverted this traditional image of the heroine to come up with a new type of a realistic one. Elizabeth Bennet is an original heroine and antithetical to the heroine of romance due to many reasons. Firstly, she is physically fit. This is evident when she walked for three miles on foot to help her sister. She did not care about the long distance she had to walk. Also, she did not care about the bad weather conditions. Secondly, this example provides another merit in her character which is her caring nature. She is very sensible. She felt responsible for her sister. When there is a need for help, she doesn’t care about social manners or decorum. Thirdly, she is very rational and has a sense of reason and logic. She tried to educate her self through reading. Fourthly, she is a daring and challenging lady, who believed in certain principles. She is independent and strong minded. Elizabeth is not extremely beautiful, but her inner beauty compensates for her lack of physical beauty. She is not as pretty as Jane, but her character is very attractive and worthy of respect. In my opinion, the most important merit in her character is the fact that she is courageous and respectable. She was courageous enough to turn down an irresistible proposal to save her self respect and dignity. I believe that she was rational enough to see that there was no hope in having a happy marriage after that kind of an insulting and condescending proposal. She knew that the man â€Å"Darc... Free Essays on Jane Austen Free Essays on Jane Austen Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice presents a new type of heroine. In her novel, she did not portray a traditional heroine like Jane Bennet. She imposed a new heroine, with new attributes, different to those related to the traditional heroine in the Victorian society. A true woman should combine many attributes. In traditional love story, the heroine must be submissive, weak, extremely beautiful, and dependent. Austen inverted this traditional image of the heroine to come up with a new type of a realistic one. Elizabeth Bennet is an original heroine and antithetical to the heroine of romance due to many reasons. Firstly, she is physically fit. This is evident when she walked for three miles on foot to help her sister. She did not care about the long distance she had to walk. Also, she did not care about the bad weather conditions. Secondly, this example provides another merit in her character which is her caring nature. She is very sensible. She felt responsible for her sister. When there is a need for help, she doesn’t care about social manners or decorum. Thirdly, she is very rational and has a sense of reason and logic. She tried to educate her self through reading. Fourthly, she is a daring and challenging lady, who believed in certain principles. She is independent and strong minded. Elizabeth is not extremely beautiful, but her inner beauty compensates for her lack of physical beauty. She is not as pretty as Jane, but her character is very attractive and worthy of respect. In my opinion, the most important merit in her character is the fact that she is courageous and respectable. She was courageous enough to turn down an irresistible proposal to save her self respect and dignity. I believe that she was rational enough to see that there was no hope in having a happy marriage after that kind of an insulting and condescending proposal. She knew that the man â€Å"Darc... Free Essays on Jane Austen Jane Austen In Jane Austen’s books she is not only the official role, but also the narrator or commentator. She also has an active and controlling presence in her books. Austen presents a style that is fiction and is created out of naturalism. When you read the final product, the book seems real because most readers feel like they know Jane Austen. On the other hand, some readers feel she is a senseless and a very incomplete woman. Austen lived a lot of her dreams through her novels since they were based on observation of her family and friends. Her writing was filled by her total artistic command over her daily experiences (â€Å"Jane Austen†, British authors of the nineteenth century). Jane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 at Steventon, Hampshire, England. Her parents were the Reverend George and Cassandra Leigh Austen. She was the seventh of eight children. The Austen family was large and extremely poor. Austen’s father provided for his family by farming and tutoring. He was also the parish clergyman and a classical scholar with a taste for fiction. Their home was larger than most homes at the time, but it did not seem large to such a big family (â€Å"Jane Austen†, British Women Writers). Her parents sent her brothers Henry and James to a boarding school, where they later edited a literary periodical, The Loiterer. The Austens also sent Jane, six years old, and her sister Cassandra, nine years old, away to Oxford to attend school. The sisters later moved to Southampton in 1782. At the school in Southampton, both girls fell ill of a high fever. While still sick, they were sent to Madame Latourelle, who conducted The Abbey School of Reading. The sisters were not learning as much as they should have been so their parents took them out of the program, and decided to educate them themselves (â€Å"Jane Austen†, British Women Writers). The family loved many novels and read books all the time. That same love for...

Cross Cultural Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cross Cultural Communication - Essay Example The major features of high context and low context cultures can be understood through critical elements such as association, interaction, territoriality, temporality, learning, through patterns and social perspectives (Hofstede, 2001; Hall, 1976). 1. Knowledge is generally embedded in the current situation. Things are synthesized and connected as well as global. For information, multiple sources are used. Thinking is from general to precise or specific. 1. Reality is compartmentalized and fragmented. One particular information source is used for developing knowledge. Thinking is generally inductive and proceeds to general ideas from specific issues. More focus is given on details (Chaney, 2005). Japan is a model example of a high context culture. Japan and China are considered as model examples of this culture. In Japan and China a major part of the communication is implicit and internalized. For instance, they speak very less words in a conversation and convey more through facial expressions (Richardson and Smith, 2007). Low context messages are very difficult to understand without having backed with proper background information. According to hall, in Japan and China communication style, much of the meaning depends on physical context such as voice tone, facial expressions and gestures. As a result, the verbal message is itself very less. For instance, a Japanese executive visiting a low context culture such as US will face problems with their extremely direct approach (Hendon, Hendon and Herbig, 1999). Individuals prefer interacting and conveying their message through indirect communication and body language. The major reason behind this can be attributed to their object ive of preserving and strengthening relationships by ensuring harmony and saving face. The culture of Japan and China is influenced by a well-structured hierarchy in society, strong norms of behaviour as well as closeness in human

Public and Private Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public and Private Education - Essay Example Public and Private Education Education is the process of experiencing. Experiencing happens through or by learning. Going further deeply into how some eminent educationalists define the same term, Richard Aldrich (2006, p. 1) believed in his 'working definition' of education that it is 'concerned with the promotion of knowledge over ignorance, of truth over falsehood, of concern for others over selfishness, of mental and physical well-being over despair and debility'. Not only in the above statement, nowhere in the modern world as a matter of fact or none of the legal literature of any country, does it pointedly specify that race, class, status are, by any means, the criteria for any individual to receive formal education. However, the sole objective of any government's actions toward maintaining the data of local communities, economic classes or division of households according to their income status has always been for the sake of giving the right person the right priority and preference. In principle, educati on received by any individual is strongly supposed to be equal. The studies like that of Sociology are particularly interested and motivated to take an action on, wherever an amount 'inequality' seems to exist. This essay makes a modest attempt, may not be to the fullest, toward the same goal. Going back a little into the history of the UK, and specifically considering the lifestyle of its citizens during the time between 16th and 18th centuries, we can understand why there a variety of educational systems is in the present times.

Reading response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Reading response - Essay Example The author suggests that when situations of high infant mortality and high fertility exist, the passing away of a young one is the custom for poor households. Mothers do not feel distressed when a frail infant dies, and motherly acceptance of child death may put at risk the life of other children (Scheper-Hughes 324). This illustrates that mothers only invest in children who they expect to survive, detach themselves psychologically from susceptible children and withdraw care and affection. This notion rebuffs contemporary research on the mother-child relation and the view that motherly love is a universal occurrence. The author refers to this as the modern bourgeois view. In the community, it is perceived that motherly love is meaningful and priceless and that the mother’s kindness cannot be repaid. Nonetheless, we cannot be assuming the same thing about women who anticipate and wish for their baby’s demise. It is even more difficult to presume that any woman would want a terrible thing to happen to her young one. The account of the attitude towards child mortality is distressing. This is a demonstration of human adaptability, though not the ecstatic of such demonstrations. A number of communities find motherly love to be stout that it cannot be influenced by anything. A genuine mother can never allow her child or children to pass on without a fight. This stance differentiates mothers from other regular individuals in a way. Nevertheless, it essential to understand mothers are humans first, like the rest of the people. The quality of a person’s life is largely dependent on issues beyond his control or a society. Resources may be the most vital of issues. These make motherly love subject to the accessibility of resources in the society. Over a period, a community that does not have adequate resources must change its view to the situation. Born Jesus is an example of such an occurrence

Impact of Information Technology Outsourcing

Impact of Information Technology Outsourcing Introduction Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) will continue to have a major impact on all organizations and will over time increasingly becomes an integral part of the organizations strategy. Various aspects within the metamorphosis of ITO will be covered but not necessarily detailed. ITO has become a global phenomenon. Globalization with some distinct drivers in technology evolution has reshaped the market place and given rise to the advent of the digital age. Sustainable competitive business strategy will need to embrace this opportunity and will need to seek enablers to exploit it. IT, by virtue of the web and broadband communications in particular, allows an organization to fulfill this need. Further decrease in costs communication, increase in broadband capacity and web collaborations accelerates the process. Definitions Outsourcing has variously been defined by scholars in the Information Systems (IS) literature as follows: â€Å"The significant contribution of external suppliers in the physical and/or human resources associated with the entire or specific component of the IT infrastructure in the user organization.†(Loh and Venkataraman,1997) Outsourcing occurs when third party vendors are responsible for managing the Information Technology components on behalf of their clients. IT Outsourcing means handing over the management of some or all of an organization’s information technology (IT), systems (IS) and related services to a third party.†(Willcocks et al.,1998) †¦business practice in which a company contracts all or part of its information systems operations to one or more outside information service suppliers (Hu et al., 1997, p. 288) â€Å"Outsourcing is the handover of an activity to an external supplier. It is an alternative to internal production†(Aubert et al.,2003) â€Å"IS sourcing† is the organizational arrangement instituted for obtaining IS services and the management of resources and activities required for producing these services (Dibbern et al., 2004 , p. 11). Therefore outsourcing involves the transfer of the responsibility for carrying out an activity (previously carried on internally) to an external service provider against agreed service levels at an agreed charge. History ITO has received great attention for scholars and researchers since the mid 1990’s but it’s been around for a while as per the examples below: 1963 – Electronic Data Systems (EDS under Ross Perot) signs an agreement with Blue Cross for handling of its data processing services. Mid-1980s EDS signed contracts with Continental Airlines, First City Bank and Enron. 1989 – Kodak outsources its IS function to IBM, DEC Businessland (â€Å"Kodak Effect†) being the most notable example. More recent developments (Kern and Willcocks 2000, Ross and Westerman 2004, Kishore 2003, Kaiser 2004, Lander 2004, IBM 2004, Smith and McKeen 2004), suggests motivation is more strategic in nature with the goal of improving the business’ competitive advantage. It’s clear that ITO is not quite a new phenomenon but increasingly more prominent in this era where it is prevalent in almost every facet of business. The industry evolved from monolithic mainframe to pervasive computing. A survey of the London Stock Exchange FTSE Index over a period of three years found a generally positive relationship between high levels of outsourcing and enhanced stock market performance. Reasons for outsourcing Organizations adopt ITO for various reasons (Turban et al, 2006). The ever dynamic evolution within the IT sector grants great opportunity to business. The following reasons were invariably most common as per numerous surveys done and researched globally: Cost reduction This has been the foremost reason to outsource as senior executives’ only views the IT function as a noncore activity and a necessary cost to be minimized. Economic pressures are also external factors that lead to advent of ITO. Lacity and Willcocks(2001) explains that cost savings are no longer a major reason for outsourcing. Focus on core competency Business deems IT as a cost centre and excludes it from its core strategy. With increased shareholder demands organisations feel they need to refocus on broader business issues other than technology. Organizations places more focus on their â€Å"core competency† business (Field, 1999). Access to specialist expertise and technology Highly skilled labour comes at a cost and also the technology and is also not readily available. ITO is not only for cost savings but as a tool for utilizing state of the art expertise and technology through their service providers (Field, 1999). However of late, the companies with strong IT capabilities, such as IBM, Microsoft and SUN, are also outsourcing some of their IT functions to concentrate on their core-responsibilities and reduce costs to the economies of scale. Decision Making In the past, organizations used frameworks and models as guidelines for assessing their current state and determining future strategic actions (Gorry and Scott-Morton 1971, Nolan 1973, Luftman 1999, Venkatraman and Henderson 1993). More organizations are considering ITO as part of their strategic thinking. Organizations use ITO as a method to reduce costs, achieve efficiency and flexibility but many don’t realize the benefits due to bad decision making. ITO decision-making is a process and requires careful scrutiny before being finalized. ITO decision making process addresses a wide range of issues, such as economical (eg., financial feasibility), technological and political .This process starts with an in-house assessment of the IT capabilities which should highlight to management activities that can potentially be outsourced. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity, Threats) analysis could be used to substantiate the need whether ITO can possibly be used to negate those threats and weaknesses or whether at all necessary to explore ITO. The facts gathered should include a baseline and evaluation of the current environment which should be made available for executive management approval. Knowledge within the strategic decision at this higher level can thus be descriptive (know-what), procedural (know-how) or reasoning (know-why) (Fahey et al., 2001; Holsapple Singh, 2000). Case studies within surveys conducted by M.C.Lacity,L.P.Willcocks and D.F.Feeny published in the Sloan Management Review(Spring 1996) summarizes the ITO process. The abovementioned reasons were most common in their samples. Scope of sourcing Sourcing is often referred to in IT literature as outsourcing. The research delineates four categories of sourcing: Total outsourcing is where all IT activities including assets and management become the responsibility of a third-party vendor. Total insourcing refers to the in-house management of IT activities where external or internal staff is used with the buying in of the vendor resources to meet a temporary need. Vendor resources are only used to supplement the internally managed teams. Selective sourcing locates selected IT activities to vendors while the customer remained responsible for delivering the result and will be held accountable. De facto insourcing uses internal IT departments to provide products and services that arise from historical precedent, rather than from a reasoned evaluation of the IT service market. Considerations of sourcing Critical review of above categories found that the all-or-nothing approach ( total outsourcing) characterized by long-term(5 years or more) deals can lead to trouble after a few years as exemplified in the case studies due to: Senior Management approach ITO like any other make-or-buy decision where ubiquitous IT applications across business functions complicate matters. Lost alignment between business and IT strategies. Failed promises to access new technologies. Processing power cost depreciates at an average of 20 percent annually due the IT capabilities evolvement. And contractual costs soared greater than market prices. Termination of such contracts was found to be prohibitively expense. Research found that those who approach ITO in all-or-nothing terms either incur great risks or forego the potential benefits of selective sourcing. Reasons for ITO can be categorized as two dimensional and based on: Purchasing style refers to contracts to either be once off or an expectation of business for many years. Purchasing focus refers to companies buying resources from vendors, such as hardware,etc, and manage the delivery of IT themselves or vendors manage the IT activity and the organization expect the specified results. The result is four distinct categories will be representative of whether ITO is required as figure 1 represents. The figure also represents a decision matrix for business and guide for an effective strategy. A decision in selecting what can be outsourced usually distinguish between the contribution that IT makes to the business operations and it’s impact on competitive advantage. ITO was primarily domestic but has now evolved due to globalization and can also be categorized now by variance of service provider distance. The same reasons apply globally for ITO. On-shoring refers to the outsource vendor located in the same country of the customer. Near-shoring refers to the outsource vendor located geographically close but not in the same country. Off-shoring refers to the outsource vendor located offshore and possibly on a different continent and time-zone. Managing ITO Once the scope and type has been identified,the vendor selection process will be initiated by soliciting via Request for Proposal(RFP). Not all service providers are equal as all offer different types of services like: IS consultancies/solutions providers services in all IS functions Systems houses system integration Hardware vendors – hardware platform Ex-IS departments industry specific sourcing Development houses – develop software Generic outsourcers manage functions, especially infrastructure Freelancers There are also important criteria to look for in your service provider. Appropriate outsourcing experience and proven customer satisfaction track record. Accredited in application of best practices such as ITIL with the necessary evidence. Adequate numbers of skilled labor. Scale and geography to fulfill the organizations needs. Prepared to be flexible to you organizations needs, ie plan with current staff. Upon selection of the ITO partner, an outsourcing contract provides a legally bound, institutional framework in which each party’s rights, duties and responsibilities are codified and the goals, policies, and strategies underlying the arrangement are specified. Selective sourcing allows for flexibility within the short contracts. While some organizations realized their benefits in ITO, others have not been able to achieve benefits due to poor staffing of the IT function, poorly written service level agreements (SLA), lack of outsourcing experience on the client side, poor project management skill, poor technical infrastructure (especially in some offshore cases), and lack of trust (Jennex and Adelakum 2003, Lacity and Willcocks 2001). A contract alone is insufficient to guide outsourcing evolution and performance since it involves repeated inter-organizational exchanges that become socially embedded over time.This is why ICT outsourcing is very challenging and often a painful process!! Governance is fundamental to outsourcing relationships. Tracking SLAs and ensuring compliance to contracts are critical to controlling costs and setting minimum performance requirements. It is therefore important to ensure that the ITIL framework,starting with support management, are implemented to ensure that the IT aligns with business with the necessary metrics in place. Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT) framework will ensure that all policies should be enforced, especially adherence to security. Critical Success Factors in an outsourcing relationship that should mitigate risk: Define a strategy with measurable goals within your SLA to ensure the relationship don’t lose momentum over time. Exercise due diligence to establish a baseline for the relationship. With the adoption of the ITIL Framework,adopt a comprehensive change management strategy. Always keep senior management involved to ensure that adherence to policies and procedures. The right metrics and regular reporting build confidence and help sustain relations. As per the Tuckman’s stage model the relationship should grow like a team and evolve in stages. Stage one is the Insourcing stage where organizations buy only a few IT functions or services from external vendors on short term contractual agreements. Only a few IT activities are bought from outside parties, generally less than 5% of the entire IT operation. Stage two is the Forming, or experimenting, stage. In this stage organizations engage in sporadic outsourcing of IT activities. Sourcing activities may be between 10-20% of the entire IT needs in the organization. Stage three is the Storming stage; it is regarded as a transition stage. At stage three organizations need to make a decision either to pursue outsourcing actively or to keep on experimenting. Stage four is the Norming stage. At this stage organization have already made a decision to pursue IT outsourcing actively and have established some norms, methods or processes for IT outsourcing within the organization. The reason for outsourcing could be either cost focus or desire to improve internal efficiency. Outsourcing could account for up to 40% of IT activities. The last stage is the strategic focus stage. In this stage IT outsourcing is part of the corporate strategy and it is not based just on cost reduction or IT improvement but is a strategic decision to use IT outsourcing within the entire organization as part of corporate strategy. Benefits from ITO Offshore outsourcing holds more advantages than disadvantages with: IT outsourcing to India helps to leverage from immensely intelligent, skilled and dedicated resources at reduced labor. Opportunity to expand service levels beyond ordinary. 24/7 Productivity has given rise to the â€Å"global delivery system† where development in particular could be done around the clock or â€Å"overnight† in a collaborative model. Choice of accredited vendors indicates that best practices are applied which should result in increase quality of service. Best-of-breed technologies accompanied by best practices should decrease the latency on time-to-market. Conclusion All factors for outsourcing was highlighted in would thus mitigate risks and highlight benefits.The future of outsourcing include service-oriented architecture (SOA), green IT, the changing role of practitioners and what the future holds for convergence of technology and business process. The ITO market would thus become more specialized and modular. Offshore ITO has also grown due to the bandwagon effect where other organizations just take advantage of the options prompted by others. Numerous surveys in outsourcing indicates that Offshore Leaders are Canada, India, Ireland, Israel, Philippines Up-and-comers are Brazil, China, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, South Africa. Rookies are Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, New Zealand, Thailand, Ukraine Reverse sourcing is a new trend in global business where offshore outsourcing is reversed to near-shore outsourcing but not primarily for cost factors. This trend is more evident in call-centers as customers prefer dealing with agents proficient in their language and culture. References Apte, U. M., Sobol, M. G., Hanaoka, S., Shimada, T., Saarinen, T., Salmela, T. and Vepsalainen, A. P. J. (1997). IS Outsourcing Practices in the USA, Japan and Finland: A Comparative Study, Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 12, pp. 289-304. Bansal, V. and Pandey, V. (2003). A decision-making framework for IT Outsourcing using Analytical Hierarchy Process, Kampur, Indian Institute of Technology Buchanan, Steven (2006). â€Å"A framework for business continuity management† International Journal of Information Management, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 128-141, Apr 2006 Corbett MF (2004)- The outsourcing revolution, Dearborn Trade Pub Dibbern, J, Goles,T, Hirschheim, R, Jayatilaka, B (2004). Information Systems Outsourcing: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature. The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems – 2004 (Vol. 35, No. 4). Felton JD (2008)- The Art of Outsourcing Information Technology,AuthorHouse Gallivan, M. J. and Oh, W. (1999). Analyzing IT Outsourcing Relationships as Alliances among Multiple Clients and Vendors, Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii. Gottschalk P (2006)- Knowledge Management Systems: Value Shop Creation,Idea Group Inc (IGI) Greaver MF (1999)- Strategic outsourcing: a structured approach to outsourcing decisions and initiatives,AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Gupta A (2008)- Outsourcing and Offshoring of Professional Services,Idea Group Inc (IGI) http://is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20040001.pdf http://sloanreview.mit.edu/the-magazine/articles/1997/spring/3834/beyond-outsourcing-managing-it-resources-as-a-value-center/ http://www.eds.com/about/history/timeline.aspx http://www.iitk.ac.in/ime/veena/PAPERS/icsci04.pdf Hu, Q., Saunders, C. and Gebelt, M. (1997). Research Report: Diffusion of Information Systems Outsourcing: A Re-evaluation of Influence Sources, Information Systems Research, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 288-301. Khosrowpour M(2003)-Advanced Topics in Information Resources Management,Idea Group Inc (IGI) MC Lacity, LP Willcocks, DF Feeny (1996)- Sloan Management Review http://hickeyj.googlepages.com/p5.pdf Mcivor R (2005)- The Outsourcing Process,Cambridge University Press Michaelides P -Reasons Leading to the Ineffectiveness of Information Systems Outsourcing in Minimising Costs,Universal-Publishers Schniederjans AM,Schniederjans DG(2007) Outsourcing management information systems,Idea Group Inc (IGI)

Food Safety and Food Borne Diseases Essays -- Exploratory Essays

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), food borne diseases cause an estimated 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. For many students, college is the first time many of you ever had to think about buying your own food or cooking for yourselves. As a result, many students are not educated in proper food safety precautions which can prevent many of these food borne diseases. Storing your food in the proper conditions is the first step in proper food safety. For meat, fish, and poultry, it is best to keep them in the coldest part of your refrigerator, which in most cases is in the drawers or the back of the bottom shelf. Storing meats on the top shelf may be more likely to leak and contaminate other foods that may be underneath. As a general rule of thumb, fresh poultry, seafood, and ground or chopped meat can be refrigerated for one to two days before cooking. Fresh red meat, cooked poultry, and meat leftovers can be refrigerated for three to five days, and lunch meats for three to seven day...

A hero that I most admire by Zanis

Despite all these hardships, my mom still managed to get an education, start a family and accomplish something that would change the course of my life, forever. She worked and worked and worked, and, eventually, she saved up enough money to fly me over to Ireland to have a better childhood and lifestyle than she had, I admire that woman because she went above and beyond to make sure that her child would receive a better education, a better life and a secure future where we don't have to worry about where our next meal is owing from.Secondly, I admire her because of her strength. She's been through hell and back, and, amazingly, she's still here, standing tall. About eight years ago, my mom and dad were divorced. When I heard the news, I was so little, I broke down and cried. My father was my world, my everything, and to know that I could lose him at any given moment scared the life out of me. Just the other day, I asked my mom why she never cried. She responded, â€Å"Are you kiddin g me†, I would cry all the time. I would cry when you kids were off at school. I would even cry myself to sleep sometimes.I Just wouldn't cry In front of you kids or your step-father, because I knew that I had to keep a straight face. I had to be the rock that kept the family grounded. She was the rock then, and she's still the rock now. Lastly, I admire her because she's as quick as a whip and she's more Independent than anyone I know. She's a clever one I tell you. It seems Like whenever anyone In my family comes down with an Illness, she has the cure. If you are living under my mom's roof there's absolutely no deed for missing days off school because of some Illness.Just give her fifteen minutes to mix up a homemade remedy and you're cured. On top of that, my mom Is also very clever. If the check engine light lights up, my mom can take care of It. When the time to file taxes comes around, she's got It. A lot of people look up to celebrates Like Kim Sardinian or Jeremy Line. Now don't get me wrong, those celebrates are great and all. But, I don't admire them the same way that I admire my mom. She's an Incredible human being whoso hardworking, strong, clever and Independent. I admire her courage and her resilience.She Inspires me and my slings to be better people and to give life own very best shot. A hero that I most admire by Azans By Pakistani sometimes. I Just wouldn't cry in front of you kids or your step-father, because I knew as quick as a whip and she's more independent than anyone I know. She's a clever one I tell you. It seems like whenever anyone in my family comes down with an illness, she has the cure. If you are living under my mom's roof there's absolutely no need for missing days off school because of some illness.Just give her fifteen minutes to mix up a homemade remedy and you're cured. On top of that, my mom is also very clever. If the check engine light lights up, my mom can take care of it. When the time to file taxes comes around, she's got it. A lot of people look up to celebrities like Kim Sardinian or Jeremy Line. Now don't get me wrong, those celebrities are incredible human being who's hardworking, strong, clever and independent. I admire her courage and her resilience. She inspires me and my siblings to be better people

Free Essays on Airplanes Saftey

Airport management â€Å"McCarran Airport† The McCarran International airport is located in Las Vegas Nevada just one mile south of the strip. The McCarran International Airport is part of the Clark county Airport system which owns and operates six airports, including five general aviation airports. These airports are operated under the policy direction of the Board of County Commissioners, the authority of the County Manager and the management of the director and Deputy Director of Aviation. The Department of Aviation is a self sufficient enterprise and operates without county general fund tax revenues. The areas of the McCarran airport that we will attempt to analyze are: the Airports’ history, current status, the future plans; design factors and an evaluation whether or not these factors are suitable for the existing and future needs of the airport. First we will discuss the current facts of the Airport. McCarran International is the fifth busiest airport in North America, and 12th in the world as of the year 2000. In 2001 passenger traffic was 35,203,808. Currently McCarran airport averages 96,449 passengers per day compared to the 1991 average of 55,266 per day. Between 1991 and 2000 passenger traffic has increased 74.5%. Currently more than 30 airlines provide nonstop service to more than 70 international and domestic destinations. All of the major airlines fly into the airport including United, southwest, American west, Delta, American, Continental and Northwest. This adds up to 30 Domestic Airlines, 23 International and 21 Charter. More than 900 daily schedule flights fly in and out of the Airport. McCarran offers nonstop scheduled service to Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico and London. Also fourteen airfreight companies provide service through McCarran. McCarran consists of 92 aircraft gates at two separate terminal buildin gs. Terminal 1 has gates A-D with gate A totaling 19 gates, B 20 gates, C19 gates and D has 26 gates.... Free Essays on Airplanes Saftey Free Essays on Airplanes Saftey Airport management â€Å"McCarran Airport† The McCarran International airport is located in Las Vegas Nevada just one mile south of the strip. The McCarran International Airport is part of the Clark county Airport system which owns and operates six airports, including five general aviation airports. These airports are operated under the policy direction of the Board of County Commissioners, the authority of the County Manager and the management of the director and Deputy Director of Aviation. The Department of Aviation is a self sufficient enterprise and operates without county general fund tax revenues. The areas of the McCarran airport that we will attempt to analyze are: the Airports’ history, current status, the future plans; design factors and an evaluation whether or not these factors are suitable for the existing and future needs of the airport. First we will discuss the current facts of the Airport. McCarran International is the fifth busiest airport in North America, and 12th in the world as of the year 2000. In 2001 passenger traffic was 35,203,808. Currently McCarran airport averages 96,449 passengers per day compared to the 1991 average of 55,266 per day. Between 1991 and 2000 passenger traffic has increased 74.5%. Currently more than 30 airlines provide nonstop service to more than 70 international and domestic destinations. All of the major airlines fly into the airport including United, southwest, American west, Delta, American, Continental and Northwest. This adds up to 30 Domestic Airlines, 23 International and 21 Charter. More than 900 daily schedule flights fly in and out of the Airport. McCarran offers nonstop scheduled service to Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico and London. Also fourteen airfreight companies provide service through McCarran. McCarran consists of 92 aircraft gates at two separate terminal buildin gs. Terminal 1 has gates A-D with gate A totaling 19 gates, B 20 gates, C19 gates and D has 26 gates....

Tiger woods vs tom Essays

Tiger woods vs tom Essays Tiger woods vs tom Essay Tiger woods vs tom Essay Being lead by temptation affects not Just one person but others. Temptation, arrogance, and lies lead to pain. People who are usually tempted by the love of another woman tend to destroy all things around them. Scandals and cheating usually does not turn out well; Tom from The Great Gatsby and Tiger Woods both experienced this. Although Tom was a fictional character and Tiger Woods lived this first hand, Tom would be able to relate to the regret that Tiger now feels if Tom was not Just a character playing a role in a novel. Tom and Tiger Woods are a lot alike and it goes deeper than what meets the eye. Everybody might see the relation between Tom and Tiger both cheating, but people might not take the time to think about what kind of person cheats and what cheating does. Both Tom and Tiger Woods had an affair while they were married and that shows what kind of character both of them have. But the fact that they both made the women they cheated with feel like they were the most important thing to them also sheds light into their character. Character that is full of deceit and dishonesty, and the affair may last for a short time but when the news gets out then the overall destruction begins. Destruction of not just their own lives, but the lives of the people that are around them. For Tiger Woods when the news of his affair came out many people of the world were shocked, and surprised. People couldnt believe that the golf superstar with the squeaky clean image could have went outside of his marriage and cheated on his wife. That was bad enough that he had an affair, but when the rest of the story unfolded and people learned that Tiger had cheated with not Just one woman but multiple women people were Just astonished. After the scandal broke the destruction began, Tiger Woods lost his image that he had obtained over the years by being in the public eye and Just seeming like Mr. Perfect. Not only did he loose his image but he lost millions of dollars he lost one hundred million dollars alone in his divorce settlement to his wife. Cheating is something that many women would not stand for, and if they where to find out that their husband or boyfriend had cheated, they would leave and thats just what she did. When she left she also took their two kids with her so now he no longer has a family. His wife and kids are not there, and on top of that he was roped from many of the companies that he endorsed. So the damages that were done by Tigers bad decision making were not Just in amounts of money but also in the image he had created and the loss of his family. The money and image is something he can regain but the amount of emotional distress that he put his family under can never be discounted. It takes a special kind of person to have an affair. A person who doesnt have a conscience; a cheater cant have a conscience if they can constantly lie and deceive another person and feel no since of remorse at all. Especially when that person is someone that they say they love. When you marry someone you take a sacred oath and vowel to always love that person. That is something that should be taken seriously and Tiger Woods and Tom alike did not take that seriously. One reason that neither of the two men took their relationships seriously was because of the arrogance and cockiness that they had developed. An arrogant and cocky attitude can lead to feelings of invincibility, and thats what Tiger happen to him. But destruction was the consequence of his decision making and for Tom his cockiness was clearly displayed throughout The Great Gatsby. In one particular instance Tom made Nick ride with him to go see Myrtle knowing Nicks relationship to Daisy, so his affair was no longer a secret. Nick was Daisys cousin and Tom knew that but he had such an arrogant attitude that he did not care if he cheated or not. While Tom had an affair with Myrtle and Myrtle was married Just like Tom was he still made her feel like she was the most important thing in the world. He made her feel like he would leave Daisy for her if he could, and from the reports Tiger Woods also made these women feel the same way. Tom and Tiger Woods alike were both successful people who were high up in society but the women they went after were not in the same social category as them. Myrtle was not as successful as Tom and Tiger Woods did not go for women who were not in the same socio- economic class as him either. Woods was a billion dollar athlete and the women he had an affair with were Just everyday average woman. The fact that Tiger Woods and Tom both went after women with lower economic status also displayed their cocky attitude because they knew that they could have the women if they wanted them. Tiger had the affairs with many different women and Tom had his affair with Myrtle and both Tom and Tiger were married. While they were having these affairs the two didnt really seem to have any sort of remorse until they both were about to get caught cheating. In Tiger Woods case there are voice mails that he left on certain womens phones saying that he would like for them to take their name off the voice mail because his wife had been through the phone and might be giving them a phone call. He seems to care if he went through the trouble of telling the different women to take their name of the vocalism so he could preserve his marriage but if he really cared about his marriage and family he would have stopped having an affair. But since he did not it shows that he was only trying to cover up the fact that he was cheating even when all of his lies were starting to catch up with him; this Just shows his character. He wasnt Mr. Perfect that everyone had made him out to be and Tom was not perfect either. The things people do and the decisions we make in life eave consequences. Tiger Woods and Tom both made certain decision to cheat and have an affair in their lives and it lead to destruction. Not Just destruction of their lives but the lives of the people around them. Tiger Woods lost millions of dollars and his family. Tom and Myrtles affair all played part in both Myrtle and Gatsby death. People were thinking that Gatsby was having an affair with Myrtle and that he was the driver of the car that caused the fatal accident that Myrtle was involved in. When Wilson came to Tom asking about the driver of the car Tom was quick to say Gatsby. Wilson went to Gatsby house and shot him, all because Tom said that he thought Gatsby was the one having an affair and the driver of the car. So everyones actions led to consequences that they both had to live with, the consequences of destruction that they themselves were responsible for creating; the destruction of themselves, and the people that were around them. Both Tom and Tiger Woods had an affair when they were married They both made the women that they were cheating with feel like they were the most important thing to them Ex: They made the other girl think they would leave there wife for them if hey could When the news of the affairs got out they both turned out really bad. Tiger lost millions of dollars and Toms situation contributed to the death of Gatsby Extremely wealthy men and the wealth lead to their arrogant and untouchable attitudes The women they had affairs with were below them in standards of wealth Tom was a physically abusive person to Daisy and even Myrtle, Tiger was not physically abusive (to what we know) but the things they put their partners through was stressful and even mentally abusive They like to control things

Origin of Country Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Origin of Country Music - Research Paper Example In fact, a deconstruction of the structure and histories of many genres especially the rock and metal music, which is so popular in America today although by all appearances very far, removed from the sober country music would show a connection closer than the majority would expect. I will seek to examine the origin of country music, its history and the genres from which it evolved from, its past singers. Moreover, I will evaluate the different forms in which it existed and still does the instruments that were used, its evolution and over times and the influence it has had to other genres of music today as well as their influence to it. ... They brought along with them their most prized possessions and among these were musical instruments like the fiddles from Scotland, which became so popular that the early musicians were often referred to as fiddlers. Considering the European love for telling tales; however, the songs came in very hardy since very few could read and most of the country songs tell simple and straightforward stories with easy to understand lyrics and language. The inhabitants who lived in the Appalachian Mountains and the West did not contain an easy life and their music gave them an exit to convey their adversities (Country music planet 3). However, the origins are not only European another of the most famous original instruments was the banjo brought from Africa in the slave trade. White country singers who were by the most popular were fascinated and influenced by black sounds, songs and images (Lewis p 52). The first official appearances of country music began around 1910, when John Lomax published cowboy’s songs, and Cecil Sharp later followed suit when he also published songs from the Appalachian Mountains. These two events initiated the interest in the music, and in 1922, the first record of old time music was done by Eek Robertson, a Texan fiddler (Scaruffi 1). With time, the genre took shape independently and proved quite versatile by moving away from the sentimental and love focused content of the British. The Americans customized it and unlike the British who â€Å"†¦had several themes of the mystical, loves found and lost, violent happenings and avenging spirits. In America, the songs developed into extremely biased and private, downplayed the mystical, and, in songs of offenses, highlighted the wickedness act while minimizing the jab† (Country music planet 1). During

See the attachments>> Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Youth Unemployment as a Social Economic Challenge - Essay Example This discussion highlights that the number of unemployed individuals increased to 4.5 million in March from 4.41 million in the previous month. A year earlier, 2013 the figure was 4.02 million. While nominal wages rose 6.1 percent year-on-year to an average RUB 33205 (8.1 percent in February), real pay fell 9.3 percent after dropping by 7.4 percent in the previous month. Real disposable income shrank 1.8 percent (-1.6 percent in February). As the discussion outlines a number of factors are responsible for increasing the situation of unemployment in Russia. The first reason is the shortage of raw materials such as the supply of coal, timber or oil fails, and the factories have to stand idle, waiting until the necessary fuel arrives. The shortage of this materials delayed factories to function. The second reason is financial difficulties where there are a rigid economy campaigns. Many factories have had large deficits. The cost at which these factories operate is very high. This forced the directors to apply methods that will force them to economize. The third reason is food shortage where every factory is forced to feed their employees thus forces the factory to employ workers that they can feed. The fourth reason is the increase in the use of machines replacing the use of manual labor forcing people to lose their jobs. The unemployment factor has led to political issues where there is loss trust in the administration a nd the government. These factors may lead to political instability, increase employment gaps as many individuals continue to be jobless after finishing school. In addition, the standard of living where the completion of jobs and the negotiation power of individuals also decrease and their living standards and salaries reduce thus affecting the overall economy of the country.