Role of the States In Health Care Policy Essay -- States Role in Heal

The government’s responsibilities concerning health care has grown over the last 100 years. After the Great Depression, Social Security was formed; and in the 1960s, Medicare and Medicaid were enacted. Federal responsibilities grew until the â€Å"New Federalism† of the 1990s increased reliance on the states for health care (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). Smaller, more local government can represent its citizen’s values better, and it knows the nature of its citizens’ problems. The New Federalism did not significantly change health policy; it gave the states more authority in setting policy and more flexibility in administering programs (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). States and localities became the primary authorities in regard to health and welfare benefits. While the states welcome the increase in policy flexibility, the rising costs of healthcare and welfare put constraints on state budgets. As a result, states and localities are being forced to become more creative. Although Medicaid continues to place an enormous fiscal burden on states, programs like Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) have proven to be successful in terms of appropriately expanding benefits while reducing caseloads (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). States continue to serve as the primary distributors of social service benefits, but decreasing federal support, uncertain state economies, and the increasing need to provide long-term care to healthcare recipients are placing overwhelming burdens on states to maintain and expand existing programs. The role of the states in protecting and promoting the health of the population is broad and complex, but can be described within six broad functions: (1) guardians of the public’s health, (2) purchasers of healthcare servi... ...s that relies on data from assessment and monitoring activities, surveys and reporting systems, and projection techniques. Then, this data must be transformed into meaningful information to support effective policy decisions (Longest, 2010, pp. 29-57). Health policies should bridge the gaps between the current situation and desired outcomes without the financial influence of lobbyists. References Indiana State Department of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.in.gov/isdh/ Longest, B. B., Jr. (2010). The context and process of health policymaking. In T. D. McBride (Ed.), Health policy making in the United States (5th ed., pp. 30-33). Chicago, IL: Health Adminstration Press. Maurer, F., & Smith, C. (2005). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (3rd ed.). Retrieved from http://books.google.com

Couples Therapy on Interpersonal Communication Essay

I want to thank you for coming to our facility and inquiring about our couples therapy program. I am sure that both of you will learn an abundant of information from this five week session of all interpersonal communication; so that you both can build a solid foundation with in your marriage as well as your communication with your children. There are couples that may not notice but there is a lot more than just going to the movies or deciding what restaurant to eat. Communication is the foundation to any relationship weather it be intimate or friendly. With our Interpersonal Communication Program, it can guide couples newly weds or married, exactly what component is missing in order to have a stable and healthy relationship. As we have discussed, that there are five key elements to help create a stronger relationship within your marriage using our Interpersonal Communication Program. Even though self-concept, defensive and supportive messages as well as behavior, can create positive and negative communication climates to a relationship. An important factor in communication is expressing self-disclosure; it can manage the couple’s relationship and their interactions with each other. Most couples have miscommunication issues due to lack of communication. In order to help their relationship in a healthy way, couples must express themselves through emotional intelligence, verbal and non-verbal communication, attitude, behavior and perception. You both came in my office as an individual private consultation because Mrs. Simpson had contacted me regarding her concern about a neglecting issue within your marriage. As Mrs. Simpson discussed, that you Mr. Simpson work a full time job at the Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk power plant. That there are times that your boss, Mr. Burns would ask you to do special projects that involved having to work long hours and that the family barely see you come home. I am sure that this is a lot of stress for your wife Marge as she is currently a house wife, and has been planning to tell you that she want to pursue a career on the side. I understand that this could lead to some pressure to you Homer that you would have to configure each other’s schedule and this might be a problem with your current position with the power plant. This issue concerns both of your emotional intelligence when it comes to decision-making. Both of you need to know how to use your emotions properly in the relationship so you both do not upset each other. I want to share this article with both of you; it is about how couples can control each other’s emotions. â€Å"Emotional Intelligence in Couples Therapy: Advances from Neurobiology and the Science of Intimate Relationships. † Author Blume illustrates how couples control each other’s emotions through the brain with the use of Pragmatic Experiential Therapy for Couples (PET-C). I know that you are concerned Mr. Simpson, and I can assure you that this would not effect your behavior at work. Therefore, there is no need to worry. I can suggest that you both try this experiment, as it is optional in the program. The article states that, â€Å"Couples as extremely active at an emotional level, each partner shifting in and out of seven different emotional states that create confusion as they alter reality. † (Blume, 2006) I certainly believe that this will be a good starting point in finding out about how you both can control your emotions for each other using PET-C. You asked what PET-C is, â€Å"Pragmatic-Experiential Therapy for Couple starts with the pragmatic; it is assumed that partners can learn about relationship habits that predict success, and they are taught skills to help them reproduce those habits with each other. † (Blume, 2006) Yes, this is something new we have obtained in the facility and it would be best if you both try it. Homer, you asked how could PET-C help you both with your emotional intelligence. With the PET-C it determines what type of relationship you both may have, your habits and how both of you can predict success. Both of you are taught skills that can enhance the performance in your relationship. It only makes sense that you both and any other couples act upon communication using emotions for each other. Study shows that the emotional brain is the one that controls how the couples should feel for each other. Although the PET-C assessment may help you both determine your relationship in the emotional level. It is not dependable in the end and that you both need to understand how to control your emotions by communication about the problems. As much as it is important to control the emotional brain, couples also need to recognize how words have the power to create and affect attitudes, behavior, and perception. I assume that you both rarely communicate because of the schedule conflict you both have at home. Surely your kids also see this and are curious is to why their father is barely home and why there is not that much family time as there was before. It is important to know the basic principles of human communication before you start to build a relationship with others. In the pamphlet, that I have given you it gives you an insight of what human communication is, how we use it everyday and other people’s perception with our attitude and behaviors. Incase your wondering where I am coming from, â€Å"Communication as a process by which we share ideas or information with other people. Characteristics of voice communicate messages, and we communicate, as well, with eyes, facial expressions, hand gestures, body position, and movement. † (Sole, 2011) Marge, surely you have expressed this many times with your children and your children are aware of their behavior because they know that you will discipline them. One of the most obvious benefits of human communication is that it allows people to share thoughts, feelings, experiences, and views of the world. † (Sole, 2011) You are curious is to why are the basic principles of human communication important? Simple, communication will guide us to how we can build a relationship with other people. Knowing the basics can help determine how well we connect with other people. With communication, it allows people to share their insights of themselves and learn about the other person. With the learning the basics of human communication, it will guide those who are not used to communicating with others. Their words will affect their character by attitude, behavior, and their perception. Marge, as you do gardening outside the lawn try waving to your neighbors when you see them this is a sample of basic communication. You are not actually having a conversation with them, but just a simple â€Å"wave† your actions tells that person that you are showing positive communication by waving. Homer, you try it too. You said you wear a chemical proof suit when you are working with nuclear chemicals, how do you communication with your co-workers, using hand gestures and sign language? However, you display your communication without actually having a conversation but simple hand gestures is also basic communication. Having knowledge of the basics is just first hand into communication; understanding how perceptions, emotions, and non-verbal expressions affect interpersonal relationships is an important factor in a couple’s relationship. It is important that you both can sense each other’s moves, almost as if it is a mutual understanding. The perceptions on how one may react to something that is non-verbal can affect your relationship not only to each other but to your children as well, if you do not carefully communicate with each other. Let us just shy away from the topic of you two for a second and let us talk about your children. â€Å"Nonverbal communication is defined as communication of message without words, which means that it encompasses a wide range of vocal and visual signs of behaviors. (Sole, 2011) Non-verbal communication is important to all ages, but especially so when interacting with your children. Take Maggie, your youngest daughter for example. A toddler or an infant may not have well-developed verbal skills as yet; nevertheless, they do listen to your tone of voice and watch your facial expressions and body language as you talk to them. Soon Maggie will recognize and read your feelings through nonverbal communication. This is the essential first step of communication that she learns from you both as parents being around her. It goes the same way for Bart and Lisa, although they are no longer in their young stage it is more work to understand that they are reaching their teenage phase. â€Å"People vary in their ability to send and receive nonverbal communication, and difficulty in understanding or interpreting nonverbal messages can be a serious handicap in interpersonal communication. † (Sole, 2011) You both wonder why it is important to use nonverbal communication thoroughly. Nonverbal communication is as simple as using gestures with hands as I mentioned before by greeting your neighbors or communicating with co-workers. It is important that you both understand nonverbal communication to avoid conflict. Some may have difficulty expressing them, like Maggie so they use nonverbal communication. It is important that you both analyze your nonverbal communication so that the other person does not get the wrong perception and it could affect interpersonal behavior in couples as well as your children. Besides nonverbal communication, you both need to recognize how self-concept, defensive and supportive messages, and behaviors create a positive and negative communication climates. Before we can truly change our relationships, we must first look deeply at ourselves, what beliefs we cling to, what decisions we may have made long ago that may be at the root of our relationship problem or that are preventing us from experiencing our full range of emotion. Self-concept is how one would present themselves to others; it could be a positive or a negative effect. Self-concept can be defined as an appraisal of your own attributes and competencies. † (Sole, 2011) Marge, as females our culture vulnerability is associated with femininity, in refusing to ever appear vulnerable, you had given up many pleasures of being a woman. Every person, to have balanced relationships, must be able to sometimes be vulnerable and sometimes be strong. â€Å"Throughout life, you have an infinite number of opportunities to express yourself and to interact with people. These people may express opinions about your behavior by smiling or frowning at you or by making verbal judgments about your behavior or appearance. † (Sole, 2011) Self-concept is important for a couple’s relationship. Who says a man cannot be vulnerable or sensitive? Who says a man cannot cry? Who says a career woman with a family cannot also be fun loving and carefree? A sensitive man can be strong. A woman can be sexy and feminine and stay in control. When couples communicate, they learn about each other through self-concept. Self-concept is how you may present yourself to each other, who or they are and your attributes. While you both get to know each other, in the beginning you get to know each other through self-concept. Your behaviors can send defensive and supportive messages towards each other, which can result to positive and negative communication climates. Which brings to if both of you are too self involve, it could generate a negative message of being selfish. Alternatively, can be a pet peeve if Homer for example dislikes your personality Marge. The importance of self-concept is how both of you attract each other and what qualities you both bring to the table. The fears that caused us to limit our full range of feelings might have been useful in the past, but may well be obsolete and wreaking havoc in our important relationships. In this program, each couple learns about others self-concept, however, to avoid a rocky relationship couples must share some self-disclosure. They also need to evaluate appropriate levels of self-disclosure in relationships. This is why I advise you both to continue with the five-week program here in our facility. This program is not only for newly wed couples, it is also designed to help distress married couples repair their relationship to where it was. I know that it may not be the honeymoon stage but surely, with this program can help you bring each other back to what it used to be and that is recognizing the quality of communication. â€Å"Quality communication is defined somewhat differently from study to study, but research consistently has shown a link between happy marriages and â€Å"self-disclosure,† or sharing your private feelings, fears, doubts, and perceptions with your partner. (Schoenberg, 2011) In the brochure that I have provided, we have a ten-minute session with the couples. We took in consideration of the article, which is also in the pamphlet called, â€Å"Can we talk? Researcher talks about the communication in happy marriages. † The author discuss that even having ten minutes a day to talk can bring a couple closer together and could build on their marriage. In the ten-minute session, we have the couples set up to have at least ten minutes of conversation. It does not have to be difficult or subjective just something simple as to â€Å"How is your day? On the other hand, in your case talk about the progress Maggie has made, how successful Lisa had advance to Jazz Band, and maybe even how Bart did not have to see Principal Skinner today. Regardless of any type couple self-disclosure and affective affirmation is important to avoid separation or possibly divorce. Ten minutes a day is ideal for couples to communicate than no communication at all. Concisely, should couples need to help understand how to have a strong relationship, they would need to learn about themselves before they seek other people. You both need to understand that there is more to just being in a relationship or being married with each other and that communication is the benefactor to a healthy relationship. Five key elements that we have talked about will help build a strong foundation for both of you using the Interpersonal Communication Program. In order to help the relationship in a healthy way, both of you must express each other through emotional intelligence verbal and nonverbal communication, attitude, behavior, and perception. Even though self-concept, defensive, supportive messages, and behaviors create positive and negative communication climates to a relationship. Interpersonal communication could bring you both closer together especially by expressing self-disclosure, it can improve both of your relationship and your interactions with each other. It is understandable that any couples go through a rocky phase, and our Interpersonal Communication Program can be a change of effect on how couples like you Mr. and Mrs. Simpson understand each other and avoid conflict that can ruin a relationship and in your case your marriage. Successful communication is a not a synonym for agreement. Your ability to exchange your thoughts and feelings clearly with your spouse does not imply your agreement. There may be stress from a job outside the house and from household task. Successful communication helps each person release stress, and supports each partner by acknowledging both parties’ contributions to the newly formed nuclear family. An obvious example is Homer, working hard to support the family and you Marge taking care of the children. You both need to communicate clearly about each other’s jobs and responsibilities, so there will not be any confusion or negligence. Effective communication is an excellent tool for new and experienced parents to use, share their feelings, and to express their appreciation to each other. I am looking forward and hope to see you both in the future, and to fully complete the program. I anticipate that this will help you decide together if this is the next step to rebuild your relationship and your family. Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.

The Muse of History by Derek Walcott - 1751 Words

Antillean Articulation The Caribbean culture is a result of an amalgamation of different fragments of historical influences. Colonialism led to Europeans who brought Africans then Indians to lands that were already occupied by native Arawak and Amerindian Indians. This ensued a postcolonial environment that displayed a culture that was often schizophrenic. The culture that has been handed down whether through oppressive powers or willfully acquired offer inspiration for artists. In Derek Walcott’s essay, â€Å"The Muse of History,† he compares two different views of writers who have experienced colonialism the classical and the other radical. He says that there is the â€Å"common experience† of colonialism, but one should not remain fixated on the past (36). Derek Walcott and Jean Rhys are deemed as classical writers since such writers â€Å"have gone past the confrontation of history, that Medusa of the New World,† and instead of becoming frozen in bitterness, see histor y as a source for re-imagination. The radical writer yearns for the past, while the classicist sees history and the New World as full of possibilities. Walcott is among many other artists who feel the need to take these fragments and fuse them in order for an Antillean voice to emerge. In Beating a Restless Drum: The Poetics of Kamau Braithwaite and Derek Walcott by June D. Bobb, quotes Brathwaite: Slowly, ever so slowly†¦.I was coming to an awareness†¦of cultural wholeness, of the place of the individual withinShow MoreRelatedDerek Walcotts Omeros1160 Words   |  5 PagesStructurally, Walcott creolizes the epic genre and makes it his own. Homeric epics deal with battles and honor, which reflects the culture of the Ancient Greeks. Walcott is doing the same; he is reflecting the experience of the new empowered people of the receding empire and telling the struggle of his own tribe. The reader often comes across a reference that resonates with something read in the classic epics, and it would be unfair for Walcott to expect the reader to refrain from these associationsRead MoreThe Caribbean History1095 Words   |  4 Pages Derek Walcott and Jean Rhys both have texts that use the fragments of the Caribbean history to create their texts. Walcott has mentioned in many essays and interviews how important it is for the artist to not become disillusioned and bitter ab out history. Rather, artists should make use of these fragments of European, African, and native Arawak/Amerindian, to reinvent and create a voice that entails all of those influences. Walcott redefines and reinvents the literary epic in Omeros and RhysRead MoreCreole Hybridity in Literature572 Words   |  2 Pagesclass of the country. Growing up in St. Lucia, I saw how this is true, people are often embarrassed by their parent who spoke creole, or they as children where forbidden to speak creole as to avoid being stereotyped. The language expresses the history of the Caribbean and the hybridity that emerges through language. In the diaspora, people depend on creating a space of â€Å"home† in the host country and language is an important part of this space. The connection immigrants feel when they come intoRead MoreThe Aftershocks Of Oppression : Historical Determinism1451 Words   |  6 Pagesseminal essay, â€Å"The Muse of History,† Derek Walcott argues for the rejection of history as a â€Å"creative or culpable force† in narrative fiction. Walcott proposes that protagonists should â€Å"[walk] in a world without monuments and ruin s,† unencumbered by the vestiges of the past. His perspective on the role of history in prose is decidedly anti-determinist, and he maintains that good prose should not be driven by the past. Walcott asserts that writing should not be constrained by history. However, in â€Å"Let

Autism and the Use of MRI - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1828 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/14 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Autism Essay Did you like this example? Abstract In this paper, the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the use of magnetic resonance imaging will be discussed. Autism is a very common neurodevelopment disorder with many different symptoms. Diagnosing and treating autism can be challenging because of how different every case of ASD truly is. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Autism and the Use of MRI" essay for you Create order Early detection is important for getting ahead on treating the symptoms that go along with ASD to create more positive outcome for the patients. Using MRI can open the doors for doctors and researchers to learn even more about this disorder and how to treat it. The studies discussed in this paper will explain how the use of structural MRI can allow physician to see how an autistic patient’s brain size and appearance differs from typically developing individuals, and the use of functional MRI can be used to compare the brain’s activity. Sleep fMRI is also discussed in how it can help with early detection in children. Overall, the discussion is about how MRI can better the understanding, detection, and treatment of ASD. Autism and the Use of MRI Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopment condition that has a wide variety of symptoms that can effect a patient’s social skills, speech or other ways of communication, and also can include different repetitive behaviors. One third of children with autism are nonverbal, and there are also many children that have gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) along with many other symptoms. The conditions of ASD are very diverse because every case can be so unique because of different genetic and environmental blends can effect an ASD patient’s conditions. Around 1 in 68 children are effected by autism, and boys are much more likely to have the disorder. Diagnosing autism can become a process; usually, if a parent or physician is concerned of ASD being a possibility, they will do a general screening which is normally suggested to the parents of infants anyway. After the screening, if there is a strong possibility of the patient having autism, the doctor will do a complete evaluation to confirm the diagnosis of the patient (Autism Speaks, n.d.). According to Shen et al (2013), early detection is critical because the earlier ASD is diagnosed positive results are more likely to happen when treating impairments. Most of the time diagnosing and understanding autism is only done by observation or screening, but with radiology, doctors are now seeing the signs of autism with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which could lead to an earlier detection. There are multiple types of MRI that can help with these studies. Structural MRI is used to understand the anatomy of the brain. The data received from structural MRI can explain shape, size, and white and gray matter within the brain. Structure can be very important when understanding function of the brain, and this is why structural MRI is so useful. The next form of MRI is used for mostly neural activity rather than anatomy. Functional MRI can use tasks or something visual to stimulate the brain, and then doctors can compare the changes of neural function and compare the results with other patients. Using these two functions of MRI can help doctors or researchers understand normal or unusual brain function. Also, fMRI and structural MRI aid in the research or treatment involving neurological disorders (Center for Functional MRI, n.d.). Throughout this first study, the use of structural MRI for studying autism is discussed; also, the comparison of the brain between patients with ASD and typical developing individuals. With the help of MRI, doctors can study the brain without anything invasive and allows researchers or doctors to view the structural changes of patients with ASD. These studies look for the differences between patients with autism and how their brain growth persists the older they get using structural MRI. With structural MRI, the brain volume in children with autism can be observed and compared. Multiple scans were performed on young children throughout the ages of a year and a half to five years who all were confirmed to have autism at around the age of four years old, and the researchers also performed scans on children without autism. When the scans were studied, it was found that most children with ASD had a cerebrum and many other divisions of the brain that were enlarged by th e time the patient was two and a half. These studies have found that young children with autism have atypical enlargement of brain volume compared to normal developing children (Chen, Jiao, Herskovits 2011). According to (Chen et al., 2011), the enlargement seems to relate to an increase in â€Å"gray-matter (GM) and white-matter (WM) volumes.† Although enlargement is found within children, it is vague if whether or not the enlargement continues as the child gets older. Although the enlargement is seen within children, there have also been reports of autistic adults with substantially smaller parts of the brain within the corpus callosum. Throughout these MRIs, many differences and abnormalities were seen throughout the scans. Consistent abnormalities were seen throughout the patients’ white matter, frontal and temporal lobes, as well as other parts of the brain (Chen et al., 2011). Pointing out the abnormalities becomes difficult because the symptoms of ASD cannot be found as a result of one specific part of the brain; the multiple symptoms of autism could be explained by certain neural systems and how they perform together (Dichter, 2012). These studies are an example of how magnetic resonance imaging can assist doctors in identifying they physical differences between patients with ASD and typicall y developing individuals (Chen et al., 2011). In the next study reviewed, they researched the relationship between extra-axial fluid and children who develop autism spectrum disorder. This study differs because the children involved in the study had not yet been diagnosed with autism. The study began with 64 infants, 41 of who were high risk because they had sibling with ASD. The other 23 participants had no relatives with the disorder and were considered low risk. Throughout the case, the number of participants decreased to 55 children (33 high risk and 22 low risk). The participants were scanned three times during sleep using a 3 Tesla Siemens TIM Trio MRI system from the ages of six months to 24 months. After the series of scans were complete, there seemed to be a trend with the high risk children. Some of the high risk children who participated in the study had similarities within the subarachnoid space. According to Shen et al. (2013), the children had â€Å"the presence of ‘prominent extra-axial fluid.’ Extra-axial fluid is characterized by excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).† After the scans were completed and the children were old enough to be diagnosed, ten of the high risk children were classified to have ASD at 24 months old, and eight of them were officially diagnosed at 36 months old. Eight of the other children who were high risk had developmental delays, and only three children from the low risk group had developmental delays, but none of them were diagnosed with ASD. There are many features that extra axial fluid and autism spectrum disorder share. Shen et al. (2013) explained that these traits include â€Å"enlarged head circumference early in life, higher rate in boys than girls, and a co-occurrence with seizures.† Although there has been no previous relationship between ASD and extra axial fluid, increased cerebrospinal fluid has been found in patients with autism. After this study and research was conducted, the results concluded that if the presence of the significant amount extra axial fluid has not gone away by the time the child is two years old that it could be a possible symptom of autism in children. This study would not have been possible without the use of MRI and also shows how imaging could help with early detection of children with autism. (Shen et al., 2013). This study showed how certain things that were seen in children with ASD could potentially be seen before the normal time of diagnosis. According to Dichter (2012), MRI (fMRI) â€Å"has proven to be a useful tool to investigate aberrant neurobiological function in ASDs because of its excellent contrast properties, spatial resolution, and temporal resolution.† Although fMRI can be very useful, it can become difficult when performing the scans on children. Children are not able to undergo functional MRI because the scans cannot be completed if they are awake or alert because the procedure must be done with the patient completely still. FMRI has become possible to perform the procedure with children by doing the scan during nature sleep which is known as sleep fMRI. This allowed doctors to understand more about an autistic child’s brain function in which they have been unable to do before. FMRI is allowing doctors to see some of the earliest signs of autism which is vital for the future of a child with ASD (Pierce 2011). According to Pierce (2011), sleep fMRI can allow doctors to make a diagnosis even earlier than they thought possible and will allow treatment to occur much sooner. With autism spectrum disorder being so common and the diversity of behaviors with autistic children, the use of MRI is opening the doors for doctors to detect the early signs and to understand even more about the disorder. Structural MRI and functional MRI can both play very important roles for studying ASD. Structural MRI allows researchers to observe the differences between brain volume in typical developing children and in children with autism, and functional MRI allows doctors to review brain activity and function. Sleep fMRI is also becoming the way for doctors to make even earlier detection because it allows them to perform scans on patients at a much younger age. With the research being done and early detection becoming even more possible, advances in imaging are creating a clearer picture of what parts of the brain are different for children and adults with ASD and how this effects their brain activity. With imaging, individuals with ASD can have the possibi lity of more positive treatment because of even earlier detection, and doctors can have a better ability of understanding autism and the parts of the brain it effects. References Autism Speaks. (n.d.). What is autism? Retrieved from https://www.autismspeaks.org/what- autism Chen, R., Jiao, Y., Herskovits, E.H. (2011, May). Structural MRI in autism spectrum disorder. Pediatric Research, 69(5 pt 2), 63R-68R. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e318212c2b3 Center for Functional MRI. (n.d.). What is fMRI? Retrieved from https://fmri.ucsd.edu/Research/whatisfmri.html Dichter, G.S. (2012, September 14). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism spectrum disorders. Dialogues Clinical Neuroscience. 14(3), 319-351. Pierce, K. (2011, March 22). Early functional brain development in autism and the promise of sleep fMRI. Brain research, 1380, 162-174. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.028. Shen, M.D., Nordnal, C.W., Young, G.S., Wooton-Gorges, S.L., Lee, A., Liston, S.E., Harrington, K.R., Ozonoff, S., Amaral, D.G. (2013). Early brain enlargement and elevated ex tra-axial fluid in infants who develop autism spectrum disorder. Brain: A journal of neurology, 136, 2825-2835. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt166

The Passion Of Saints Perpetua And Felicity 203 - 844 Words

The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity 203 is an account of Perpetua’s story, a story in which she rejected her Roman identity in order to further pledge her Christian faith. At the time, Romans feared the spread of Christianity due to the conflicting interest in the worship of Gods and the circulating rumors that Christians were cannibals. Not only did Romans think Christianity was odd for those factors but also that Christians feared their potential experiences in the afterlife more than their experiences in their current life. The history of the Roman Empire provides that emperors would put Christians through a test in order to confirm their devotion to Christianity. If they confessed to being Christian, then they would be persecuted. However, Christians had the opportunity of denying their faith and making a sacrifice to the empire so that they could avoid persecution. Yet, there were many Christians that remained faithful rather than opting for the denial of their f aith and avoiding persecution. This paper will discuss Perpetua’s rejection of her Roman identity in passages six and twenty in order to show the differences between the devout Christians of the roman empire and the pagans of the roman empire. Likewise, Perpetua denied the chance to avoid persecution. In passage six, Perpetua, along with other Christians, is summoned to the tribunal for her hearing. Perpetua’s father begged her to â€Å"perform the sacrifice; have mercy on the child.† However, she refusedShow MoreRelated The Passion Of Saints Perpetua And Felicity Essay example508 Words   |  3 PagesThe Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity The document, â€Å"The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity,† shows just how mighty and fearless the faith of the martyrs were in Rome around 203 A.D. in which our story takes place. During the rule of Diocletian, Christianity was not the religion of popular belief. Many of Romans practiced polytheism. As a result, numerous Christian believers were persecuted for their divine faith in God. Surprisingly, the Christian martyrs did not care thatRead MorePerpetua and Felicity: Weighing the Cost of Choosing Between Family or Faith6228 Words   |  25 PagesPerpetua and Felicity: Weighing the Cost of Choosing between Family or Faith Church History CHHI 520 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 What Did Jesus Mean in Matthew 10:37 and Luke 14:26? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3-9 The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitias†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9-16 Conclusion......†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16-19 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Estimating Risk and Return Free Essays

1. â€Å"Why is expected return considered forward-looking? What are the challenges for practitioners to utilize expected return? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 246). We will write a custom essay sample on Estimating Risk and Return or any similar topic only for you Order Now Expected return is â€Å"forward-looking† in the sense that it represents the return investors expect to receive in the future as compensation for the market risk taken. The challenge is that practitioners cannot precisely know what the future holds and thus what the expected return should be. Thus, we create methods to estimate the expected return. 2. Describe how different allocations between the risk-free security and the market portfolio can achieve any level of market risk desired. † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 246). An investor can allocate money between a risk-free security that has zero risk (? =0), and the market portfolio that has market risk (? =1). If 75% of the portfolio is invested in the market, then the portfolio will have a ? =0. 75. If only 25% is invested in the market, then the portfolio will have a market risk of ? =0. 25. The first example (? =0. 75) might be taken by a less risk averse investor while the second example (? 0. 25) illus trates the portfolio of a more risk averse investor. By allocating the investment money between 0 and 100% into the market portfolio, an investor can achieve any level of market risk desired. 3. â€Å"Compute the expected return given these three economic states, their likelihoods, and the potential returns:† Economic StateProbabilityReturn Fast Growth0. 3040% Slow Growth0. 5010% Recession0. 20? 25% Expected return = 0. 3? 40% + 0. 5? 10% + 0. 2? -25% = 12% 4. â€Å"If the risk-free rate is 6 percent and the risk premium is 5 percent, what is the required return? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 47). Required return = 6% + 5% = 11% 5. â€Å"The average annual return on the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index from 1986 to 1995 was 15. 8 percent. The average annual T-bill yield during the same period was 5. 6 percent. What was the market risk premium during these 10 years? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 247). Average market risk premium = 15 . 8% ? 5. 6% = 10. 2% 6. â€Å"Hastings Entertainment has a beta of 0. 24. If the market return is expected to be 11 percent and the risk-free rate is 4 percent, what is Hastings’ required return? † (Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, 2012, p. 247). Use the capital asset pricing model to calculate Hastings’ required return. Hastings’ required return = 4% + 0. 24 ? (11% ? 4%) = 5. 68% 7. Calculate the beta of your portfolio, which comprises the following items: (a) Olympic Steel stock, which has a beta of 2. 9 and comprises 25 percent of your portfolio, (b) Rent-a-Center stock, which has a beta of 1. 5 and comprises 35 percent of your portfolio, and (c) Lincoln Electric stock, which has a beta of 0. 2 and comprises 40 percent of your portfolio. (Adapted from Cornett, Adair, and Nofsinger, p. 248. ) 0. 25? 2. 9 + 0. 35? 1. 5 + 0. 40? 0. 2 = 1. 33 How to cite Estimating Risk and Return, Essay examples

Maths free essay sample

Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes For first teaching from September 2010 For first examination in Summer 2011 For first award in Summer 2012 Subject Code: 2210 Foreword The awarding bodies have prepared new specifications to comply with revised GCSE criteria. The specimen examination papers accompanying new specifications are provided to give centres guidance on the structure and character of the planned examinations in advance of the first examination. It is intended that the specimen papers and mark schemes contained in this booklet will help teachers and students to understand, as fully as possible, the markers’ expectations of candidates’ responses to the types of questions set at GCSE level. These specimen papers and mark schemes should be used in conjunction with CCEA’s GCSE Mathematics specification. GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Contents Specimen Papers Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 1 3 23 43 63 83 93 107 121 Mark Schemes General Marking Instructions Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 133 135 137 143 149 157 163 167 171 175 Subject Code QAN 2210 500/7925/6 A CCEA Publication  © 2010 You may download further copies of this publication from www. We will write a custom essay sample on Maths or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ccea. org. uk SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER FRONT 1 SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER BACK 2 Centre Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics For Examiner’s use only Question Marks Number Unit T1 (With calculator) Foundation Tier [CODE] SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided at the top of this page. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.